2017-07-24 17:02:43 by admin 2751
阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是缺血性中風發病的一個獨立危險因素,而且這種發病風險隨著患者氣流限制程度的增加而增加。雖然易損頸動脈斑塊的組分(如斑塊內出血和脂質核心),會使患者處于缺血性事件的高風險之中,但還從沒有人對COPD患者動脈斑塊的組成成分進行過研究。為了探討在老年COPD患者中頸動脈壁增厚的發病情況、頸動脈斑塊成分有何不同、以及它們與患者氣流限制程度的關系,比利時根特根特大學醫院、根特大學呼吸醫學教研室、流行病學教研室的Brusselle及其同事開展了一項研究,研究結果發表于2013年1月1日出版的《美國呼吸與危重癥醫學》( Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med)雜志上。研究結果顯示:與對照組相比,COPD患者出現頸動脈壁增厚者更為普遍。在頸動脈壁增厚的中老年人中,COPD是其存在一個脂質核心動脈斑塊--也就是存在易損斑塊的一個獨立預測指標。
該研究是一項橫斷面分析研究,屬于鹿特丹研究的一部分,而鹿特丹研究是在年齡為55歲及55歲以上的個體中進行的一項前瞻性、以人口為基礎的隊列研究。在該橫斷面分析研究中,其研究對象的COPD的診斷均經過了肺活量檢查的證實。對于那些在超聲檢查時,顯示頸動脈壁內膜-中層厚度大于或等于2.5毫米的研究對象,研究者使用高分辨率磁共振成像對其頸動脈斑塊的特征進行了評估,并使用邏輯回歸法對相關數據進行了分析。
該研究的主要結果為:與肺功能正常的對照組(920例)相比,COPD患者(253例)在進行超聲檢查時,其出現頸動脈壁增厚表現的風險增加了2倍(勝算比,2.0;95%置信區間,1.44~2.85;p<0.0001)。而且,這種風險隨著患者氣流限制的加重而顯著增加。磁共振成像顯示,與對照組相比,COPD患者出現易碎的脂質核心斑塊的幾率更高(勝算比,2.1;95%置信區間,1.25~3.69;p=0.0058)。
該研究結果顯示:與對照組相比,COPD患者出現頸動脈壁增厚者更為普遍。在頸動脈壁增厚的中老年人中,COPD是患者存在一個脂質核心的動脈斑塊--也就是存在易損斑塊的一個獨立預測指標。
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke and the risk increases with severity of airflow limitation. Even though vulnerable carotid artery plaque components, such as intraplaque hemorrhage and lipid core, place persons at high risk for ischemic events, the plaque composition in patients with COPD has never been explored.
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of carotid wall thickening, the different carotid artery plaque components, and their relationship with severity of airflow limitation in elderly patients with COPD.
Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was part of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study performed in subjects aged 55 years and older. Diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by spirometry. Participants with carotid wall intima-media thickness greater than or equal to 2.5 mm on ultrasonography underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for characterization of carotid plaques. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.
Measurements and Main Results: COPD cases (n = 253) had a twofold increased risk (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–2.85; P < 0.0001) of presentation with carotid wall thickening on ultrasonography compared with control subjects with a normal lung function (n = 920). Moreover, the risk increased significantly with severity of airflow limitation. On magnetic resonance imaging, vulnerable lipid core plaques were more frequent in COPD cases than in control subjects (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–3.69; P = 0.0058).